Kajermo KN, et al (2000) Perceptions of research utilisation: comparisons between health care professionals, nursing students and a reference group of nurse clinicians. In order to support healthcare practitioners to improve the quality of healthcare and health outcomes it is important to satisfy two conditions: The promotion of high quality, innovative practice does not require all team members to be research active, but it does require all team members to be research aware (Scott and McSherry, 2009; McSherry and McSherry, 2001), to be able to access information about service developments, innovations and research findings, but also to be able to interpret this information in a useful way. 23, No. EmergencyMedicine Journal; 26 June. It also provides opportunities for staff to become research aware, based on locally relevant, well-designed studies. UTILIZATION OF NURSING RESEARCH 1. The researcher needs to be motivated and support from local managers and professional bodies are required to complete the dissemination cycle in nursing research. Two sets of barriers specifically related to dissemination and implementation might account for this delay. 1. 2018 Sep;66(5):430-445. doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.2018.06.007. The researcher needs to be motivated and support from local managers and professional bodies are required to complete the dissemination cycle in nursing research. One of the consequences of academics focussing on academic publications is that research is regarded by some clinicians as an activity to be carried out by university departments, or research units, and not by key NHS staff. Despite a range of research being carried out across NHS organisations, researchers themselves may provide only limited guidance as to the application of findings in practice. For these reasons, clinicians may experience a lack of incentive to engage with research, leading to a lack of experience and confidence when opportunities arise. Proponents of innovation are often dismayed that despite the millions of dollars and the years of effort spent in the development and evaluation of treatments for people with mental illness, service providers may take a decade or more to incorporate these treatments into their day-to-day service armamentarium (7,8). Nurses in joint posts may be the key to sharing of current, timely information between universities and NHS organisations and should set up formal programmes, such as mentoring, to support this knowledge transfer. Corlett J (2000) The perceptions of nurse teachers, student nurses and preceptors of the theory-practice gap in nurse education. However, despite the opportunities presented by research, there are key challenges associated with the sharing and dissemination of research findings within and between organisations. Get the latest research from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus. USA.gov. However, implementation is challenging and far from straightforward. 2000 May-Jun;4(3):5-11. Within the university setting, the reverse can be a challenge for academics who are required to stay in touch with innovative practice in the NHS, in order to implement research into teaching or supervision sessions. D&I research offers nurses opportunities to guide health care transformation at multiple levels, thereby addressing recommendation from the Future of Nursing. Nonetheless, nurses’ involvement in research and EBP continued to lag. Publication in academic journals is a key activity for academic researchers in disseminating their work. Pellecchia LG (1999) Dissemination of research findings: Conference presentations and journal publications. Links with audit committees or departments are required to strengthen the implementation of any research findings, and evaluation of successful implementation into practice, making use of appropriate outcome measures. There are various internal and external methods of disseminating evidence based project. NLM It addresses dissemination methods in academic nursing, barriers to the use of research in practice and ways to overcome these. such as the Gerontologic Nursing Interventions Research Center guidelines. Nursing and Health Care Perspectives, 22(3), 124‐129. Research-based practice—the ultimate goal of all research activities—can only be realized if nurses apply research principles and … Yet commentators report that there is a lack of expertise to discuss research (Kajermo et al, 2000). As well as ensuring that staff members have access to research findings, and the ability to critique these findings, it is vital that service users and carers also have access to recent research as well as any support needed to interpret the findings of locally conducted research work. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Journal of Social Issues; 2: 34-46. As nurses, we collect information about our clients, use this data to develop nursing care plans, implement the plan, and communicate our findings with other health care providers. Hunt (1984) proposed that nurses may experience specific difficulties when attempting to make use of research findings in practice. This article outlines the key challenges inherent in sharing and dissemination of research findings within NHS organisations. Communication; dissemination; innovation; nursing; practice development; research; research implementation. You might have experienced research being disseminated through the use of posters, research seminars or meetings, research summaries being presented online or in other ways. Nurse Education Today; 20: 6, 499-505. This article discusses the issues associated with disseminating research findings in nursing. There are also personal development opportunities that attract people to research, including educational attainment or the advancement of careers. Project work that is informed by teams which include academic and practitioner members is more likely to be shared and disseminated successfully across academic and NHS organisations. Such steps would also enable clinical staff to become more research aware. Whitehead D, et al (2003) Action research in health promotion. Dissemination of EBP and Nursing Research Author: VHA Office of Nursing Services Subject: Dissemination of evidence based practice and nursing research Keywords: Dissemination, evidence based practice, research, nursing, ebp Created Date: 5/22/2019 2:56:06 PM Nurses Performance and Role in Multidisciplinary Team Conclusion. 2, Manuscript 1.DOI: 10.3912/OJIN.Vol23No02Man01Key words: Translation science, models and theories, terminology, implementation scienceThe gap between the availability of evidence and application in care delivery contributes to poor health outcomes...Translation science is … Academics may be aware of different theoretical models from a range of clinical fields that could support dissemination in practice. In this article by Lois Marshall, RN, PhD, we see the unique perspective nurses take in disseminating current evidence … Work informed by academic and practitioner teams is more likely to be successfully disseminated. 1995 Sep;30(3):429-38. Rogers E (1985) Diffusion of Innovation. Tier 1 For example, the Rogers’(1985)  diffusion of innovation model challenges a ‘top down’ approach to change, encouraging a diffusion approach and the full involvement of all participants in research. These research assistants may have been the ‘face’ of the research project, and would be helpful to clinicians interpreting findings, and applying results to the context of their own services. Although all researchers are required to provide their plans for dissemination prior to being granted ethical permission, not all researchers engage actively in the dissemination of their research findings to participating NHS organisations or services. Furthermore, the adoption of action research, or consensus-building approaches, to project work, underpinned by academic knowledge and theory, could reinforce the likelihood of findings being implemented, and recommendations from project work being relevant to local teams. Hagan TL, Schmidt K, Ackison GR, Murphy M, Jones JR. J Res Nurs. Nursing Times; 97: 23, 36- 37. Newman M, Papadopoulos I, Sigsworth J (1998) Barriers to evidence-based practice Intensive Critical Care Nursing 14 (5): 231-238. Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Critical care nurses' role in implementing the "ABCDE Bundle" into practice'. One example is protection motivation theory designed to address change, and the vulnerability that may stem from a refusal to change. PMID: 7567569 [Indexed for MEDLINE] MeSH terms These are outlined in box 1. Where staff are doing small-scale project work, academic support to promote publication in professional journals, and the preparation of seminars and presentations for local delivery, can be very helpful. First, individual service providers lack the basic knowledge and skills required to assimilate evide… Nine hundred and seventy‐eight ENA members completed a survey which assessed nurse's involvement and uptake in research and perceived barriers to research. Implement just one strategy from this article and evaluate the results. Foster S, et al (2009) Rolling out productive ward foundation modules across a hospital trust. Dissemination needs to be considered at the earliest stage of project planning, with bids for funding including a period of time specifically for dissemination at the end of project work. Hunt J (1984) Research: Why don’t we use these findings? Irvine F, et al (2008) Research awareness: Making learning relevant for pre-registration nursing students. Citation: Titler, M.G., (May 31, 2018) \"Translation Research in Practice: An Introduction\" OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing Vol. itical science), (2) current practices among researchers, (3) key audience characteristics, (4) available tools for dissemination, and (5) measures of impact. Chummun H, Tiran D (2008) Increasing research evidence in practice: a possible role for the consultant nurse. Not the last word: dissemination strategies for patient-centred research in nursing. Five goals of disseminating evidence in nursing are: To increase the scope of knowledge in the nursing field. Business models, particularly those stemming from organisational development theorists, may be helpful, as well as the behavioural models of change stemming from health psychology. It addresses dissemination methods in academic nursing, barriers to the use of research in practice and ways to overcome these. Similarly, ‘poor’ research capacity has been attributed to heavy workloads, staff shortages, lack of required researchwriting skills, the belief that research is more of a luxury than a necessity, and competition between academic institutions and clinical practice settings. This may result in a perception of the researcher as an outsider, which can promote compliance with research protocols and data collection, but could have a negative impact on the uptake or internalising of research findings by clinicians. Where researchers are no longer available to share and disseminate information about completed research, an academic in a joint post could take on this role, and disseminate information in a range of creative, context-appropriate ways. Although the findings of a research project remain static, the ways in which findings are presented differs according to the needs and knowledge of local audiences. NIH Implementing research evidence into nursing and midwifery practice can improve patient outcomes, as witnessed by previous studies, for example, in acute stroke care (Middleton et al., 2011). Undergraduate psychology degrees, on the other hand, have always had high research content, often necessitating the completion of a research-based dissertation. Nurse scientists are well prepared to lead and participate as members in interdisciplinary teams focused on disseminating and implementing evidence to practice. Eleanor Bradley, BSc, MSc, PhD, CPsych, is professor in healthcare research and evaluation and director, Wilfred McSherry is professor in dignity of care for older people both at the Centre for Practice and Service Improvement at Staffordshire University; Robert McSherry, PGCE, PhD, MSc, BSc, RGN, DipN,is professor of nursing and practice development at the School of Health and Social Care, University of Teesside. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable.  |  The move towards multidisciplinary team working, and the expectation that all team members will understand and respond to research information in the same way, is undermined by the different levels of research awareness and experiences within these teams and suggests a need for further, individualised research support. This article will outline some of the challenges and consider how staff working across university and NHS organisations (particularly those in formal joint posts) could use their roles to address these issues. Rycroft-Malone J, Bucknall T (2010) Models and Frameworks for Implementing Evidence-Based Practice. Nursing Times; 105: 30, 28-30. Nursing Times; 104: 2, 37-38. Nursing Times has produced a series of videos on infection control and…, Please remember that the submission of any material is governed by our, EMAP Publishing Limited Company number 7880758 (England & Wales) Registered address: 7th Floor, Vantage London, Great West Road, Brentford, United Kingdom, TW8 9AG, We use cookies to personalize and improve your experience on our site. Nurs Clin North Am. Effective dissemination can support staff to share information about developments in healthcare practice, and help services adopt and implement innovation. Biological Research for Nursing… Endacott R et al (2010) Improving emergency care pathways: an action research approach. NurseEducation in Practice; 8: 267- 275. Health Education Journal; 62: 1, 5-22. Examples of publications that have arisen from such support include Foster et al (2009); Couchman et al (2008); and Hall at el (2007). Indeed, Newman et al (1998) found that the closer NHS staff were to the provision of care, the less aware they were of developments in their specialty areas. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov. Dissemination efforts need to take into account the message, source, audience, and channel. Nursing Times; 106: 44, early online publication. Epub 2017 Jun 26. Nurses’ Role in Implementing and Sustaining Acute Telemedicine: A Mixed-Methods, Pre-Post Design Using an Extended Technology Acceptance Model Kathleen Bagot , Natasha Moloczij, Lauren Arthurson, Casey Hair, Shaun Hancock, Christopher F. Bladin , Dominique A. Cadilhac Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation; 14: 3, 67-79. Disseminating best practice at conferences. A goal of the researcher according to Pellecchia (1999) should be “to disseminate the findings, thereby adding new knowledge to the field”. To ensure high-quality patient care, follow this practical guide to integrate your clinical skill and experience with the best available clinical research evidence. There is a range of opportunities from joint academic posts between universities and NHS organisations that could impact positively on the sharing and dissemination of research and innovation. Author information: (1)Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK. Scott K, McSherry R (2009) Evidence-based nursing: clarifying the concepts for nurses in practice. By NT Contributor, There are challenges in sharing research findings within the NHS. They may wish to use research to challenge, improve, or advance and evaluate practice for individuals or services. This definition introduces the notion of targeting specific groups with information that may be relevant, but also highlights the necessity of such groups being able to make use of the information once received. Bringing research to the bedside through evidence based nursing practice has been a refrain used at this Academic Medical Center to embed the concepts into the culture as well as to engage clinical nurses in actual implementation of both research and evidence. — Charlene Li (2014) Introduction. They should encourage article publication, presentations, and the implementation of recommendations which are locally relevant and an action research approach is key to boosting the likelihood of findings being implemented. Symptom management and self-care in chronic disease and end-of-life care are just a few examples where nursing has made significant contributions to the science and should take a leadership role in translating this work to practice [ 35 ]. However, the nature of evidence is weighted heavily towards quantitative methods. Visit our, Disseminating research: how joint NHS and university posts can support this process, 100 years: Centenary of the nursing register, 2020: International Year of the Nurse and Midwife, Nursing Times Workforce Summit and Awards, 101109Disseminating research: how joint NHS and university posts can support this process, Don’t miss your latest monthly issue of Nursing Times, Winners of the 2020 Nursing Times Awards revealed, Announcing our Student Nursing Times editors for 2020-21, Watch: Infection prevention in the community during the Covid-19 crisis, Expert nurses share their knowledge of pressure ulcers in free-to-watch videos, Open letter from an ICU nurse: ‘I need to be strong enough to fight for a bit longer’, Chancellor confirms NHS nurses will be spared from public sector pay freeze, Nursing Times Awards pays tribute to shortlisted nurse following death, New support network launched for Indian nurses in the UK, Well-respected NMC chair to step down following stroke, ‘Nurses forget that health is a human right for them too’, ‘Thank you for your efforts and sacrifices this year’, ‘Nurses are tired and, again, frightened – support is crucial’, Two more FTs sign pledge to support Nursing Times staff campaign, This content is for health professionals only, This article has been double blind peer reviewed. Although the NHS is keen to promote the role of the academic clinician, NHS research may be led by researchers based in universities, or trust-based, academic units. There are several key factors which highlight the importance of joint posts in promoting the sharing and implementation of research findings within the NHS. Such an approach could support practitioners to become research aware and provide opportunities for staff to experience project work. John Wiley: London. In 1996, the NHS Research and Development programme introduced two mechanisms to promote the dissemination of research to clinicians: The Cochrane group have outlined a range of intervention strategies to support the dissemination and implementation of clinical guidelines to clinicians. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! It is important that all teaching contains recent research and findings from innovative practice, particularly carried out locally. Implementing evidence-based health care: the nurse teachers' role in supporting the dissemination and implementation of SIGN clinical guidelines. For example, nurses and occupational therapists have traditionally received little information about research methods during their pre-registration training, although as Veeramah (2007) indicates this situation has been addressed in recent years. The location of an academic, with experience of carrying out and applying research, within an NHS trust should act as an advisory link. Pragmatic dissemination and implementation research models, methods and measures and their relevance for nursing research. Research utilization is the process of synthesizing,disseminating,and using research generated knowledge to make an … Nursing research develops diagnosis, interventions and outcomes that are unique in both development and real world application. Close contact between staff working within these organisations can support joint project work as well as encouraging article publication, presentations, and the implementation of recommendations which are contextually relevant, individualised, and based on the skills of the members of multidisciplinary teams. For example, one emphasis in the field is discovering and applying the evidence for the most effective ways to speed adoption of evidence-based guidelines across all health care professionals in the clinical unit and in the agency. Sign in or Register a new account to join the discussion. In 2011, the Nurse Alliance Research Council developed a three-tiered approach to disseminating vital information on research and EBP throughout the organization. Several barriers to the dissemination of nursing knowledge in … Health Technology Assessment; 14: 8, 1-218. Watt G (1996) All together now: why social deprivation matters to everyone, British Medical Journal; 312: 1026-1029. COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. Nursing Times; 103: 30, 30-31. 2010 Feb 24-Mar 2;24(25):35-41. doi: 10.7748/ns2010.02.24.25.35.c7560. Epub 2018 Aug 6. Nurses have a great role in the creation of the team-work environment with other health care providers. There is also the opportunity for individuals who show academic promise to be identified and signposted to further development including doctoral work. Research findings show that an infusion nursing team enhances the level of care that an organization provides. Nurs Stand. Nurses are assuming leadership roles in advocacy, research, analysis, and policy development, implementation, and evaluation, contributing to a growing need to educate nurses to specialize in health policy research and analysis. Traditionally, the focus of health promotion by nurses has been on disease prevention and changing the behaviour of … Ample research supports the importance of reviewing an institution’s context to understand how to best support the implementation of EBP at all levels of nursing. Keywords: Effective methods for disseminating research findings to nurses in practice. Rycroft-Malone and Bucknall (2010) outline and critique several models and frameworks designed to facilitate getting evidence into practice, a key factor in successful sharing and dissemination of research findings. Nurses play an important role in promoting public health. This requires in-depth knowledge and understanding of complex statistical methods. Research assistants, commonly responsible for data collection, are often employed on short-term contracts related to specific research projects and move on to other contracts on completion of project work. However, even when new knowledge is gained, its dissemination remains low. A brief overview from published literature and expert opinions showed that nurse educators are in continuous attempt to introduce changes to the nursing processes for the sake of improvement. Home Healthc Nurse Manag. Action research stands a greater chance of being implemented because it is being carried out in line with local needs and issues, encourages full involvement of staff and permits change throughout the process of project work. Each contribution moves nursing toward research-based practice. The joint post may be the key to sharing of current, timely information between universities and NHS organisations. Guidelines for clinical practice: development, dissemination and implementation. It is common practice for written summaries of research findings, or final reports, to be circulated to participating research and development departments of NHS organisations, but there is not always the opportunity for researchers to re-enter the organisation to support the interpretation of findings, or to explore opportunities for dissemination and implementation where appropriate. Roy C. (1999). They can help support change and provide support for clinicians to interpret findings and consider how to implement any changes to practice. Effective dissemination is characterized by positive engagement of the targeted audience, which enhances awareness, understanding and motivation to implement in the workplace. It addresses dissemination methods in academic nursing, barriers to the use of research in practice and ways to overcome these. Encouraging research in home care: learning from agency staff and family caregivers. There is a role for academics holding joint posts in clinical settings to dismantle some of the challenges to effective dissemination across NHS organisations. To ensure that the team approach provides safe IV care, the role of the team and the delineation of responsibilities must be part of the orientation program and ongoing education for all nurses. Implementation science, also known as knowledge translation, research utilization, or dissemination science, 8 involves more than just being knowledgeable about clinical practice and implementing new and exciting technologies. The clinical workload of many practitioners can mean that research and development activities are marginalised. Thomson P(1). Nurse educators play a pivotal role in strengthening the nursing workforce by designing, implementing, evaluating and revising nursing educational programs. At an individual level, it was found that nurses lacked knowledge about appraising research preventing them from implementing research knowledge in their clinical practice. Staff working in joint posts between universities and clinical settings are in a unique position to address these challenges. Dissemination needs to be considered at the earliest stage of research project planning with strong links between departments or organisations to support implementation. Bradley E et al (2010) The dissemination of healthcare research: Utilising joint posts. McSherry R, McSherry W (2001) Putting research into practice. Journal of Clinical Nursing; 18: 8, 1085-1095. Int J Nurs Stud. Many practitioners will not have the underpinning knowledge to interpret and transfer such findings into their practice (Chummun and Tiran, 2008).  |  However, the method applied should be effective. Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. If service users and carers are to be supported, and encouraged, to exercise choice about their care, they need good quality, timely information which is contextually relevant and appropriate to their situation. 2017 Aug;22(5):388-402. doi: 10.1177/1744987117709516. Introduction. (2001). It is important for local trusts to carry out research which is contextually relevant, rather than having to rely solely on national findings which may be difficult to apply in practice. Foundation of Nursing Studies (2010) Developing Practice Subscribers Areas. Lewin K (1946) Action research and minority problems.  |  Attention should be focused on undertaking research that can be applied to, and is meaningful for, nursing practice. ‘Congratulations to our 2020 Nursing Times Awards winners’, 06 November, 2010 Researchers have a role in adjusting the presentation of findings to meet the needs of professionals in order to support application into practice, as well as to help professionals consider the relevance of research findings to them. It is through research conducted by nurses that new knowledge can be obtained in order to implement good quality care in clinical practice. MAGI XAVIER ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR PUSHPAGIRI COLLEGE OF NURSING TIRUVALLA KERALA 2. There is a range of reasons why practitioners choose to conduct research projects. Three-tiered approach to disseminating EBP information. A number of clinical areas have access to library and online resources, also to local university libraries. The researcher needs to be motivated and support from local managers and professional bodies are required to complete the dissemination cycle in nursing research. This point is echoed by the NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement (2010) and The Foundation of Nursing Studies (2010). Research information can be integrated into local teaching programmes, and any learning and support needs identified within the clinical setting should be addressed through course development or other opportunities for support. In addition, dissemination is a key process in evidence-based practice, enabling healthcare staff to make decisions based on quality information regarding the effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness, of proposed healthcare interventions (Scott and McSherry, 2009). Veeramah V (2007) Use of research findings in nursing practice. Eleanor Bradley, BSc, MSc, PhD, CPsych, is professor in healthcare research and evaluation and director, Wilfred McSherry is professor in dignity of care for older people both at the Centre for Practice and Service Improvement at Staffordshire University; Robert McSherry, PGCE, PhD, MSc, BSc, RGN, DipN, is professor of nursing and practice development at the School of Health and Social Care, University of Teesside. Nursing Times; 103: 1, 32-33. Disseminating research in journals that are geared to clinicians is essential to increase nurses’ awareness of research findings that might be relevant to their practice. A range of different teaching methods are now being used to engage and develop research awareness in pre-registration education (Irvine et al, 2008). This should reduce the hiatus between academic nursing research and effective clinical research. Twitter is not a technology, it’s a conversation—and it’s happening with or without you. High quality research, making use of both qualitative and quantitative methods, into the effects and impact of interventions must be undertaken; The NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, a joint collaboration between the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) and the University of York. Leasure, Stirlen, and Thompson (2008) reported en-couraging outcomes as a result of collaborative efforts between students and staff nurses in the area of expand-ing EBP efforts to staff nurses. HHS For information on action research see Lewin (1946) and action research projects see Endacott et al (2010); Whitehead et al (2003); and Corlett (2000). The challenges that clinicians experience in accessing, and applying research findings may can mean research and development activities is not prioritised alongside other clinical work. Journal of Nursing Management; 16: 327-333. Complex governance processes within organisations may limit the opportunities for individual clinicians to initiate changes to practice or instigate service developments. The role of the advanced practice nurse (APN) in nursing research is vital to optimal patient care, organizational development, and the profession. 2004 Sep;41(7):813-21. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2003.09.005. Hall J, et al (2007) Mental health staff attitudes towards exercise programmes. Song F, et al (2010) Dissemination and publication of research findings: an updated review of related biases. Research projects may be undertaken in order to attract funding to an organisation, to support the funding of research posts, or to promote areas of specialty. This study documented that articles in clinical nursing journals disseminated not only information about clinical practice, but also informed readers about research of potential value to the nurse's practice. The difficulty prioritising research activity within busy clinical settings may be further aggravated by the poor dissemination of findings, and so limited uptake of findings, particularly from regional research or project work. Research utilization is the use of findings from a study or set of studies in a practical application that is unrelated to the orginal research. Global Research Dissemination and Utilization: Recommendations for Nurses and Nurse Educators. In the meantime, whether you are a researcher, an administrator, an educator, or a clinician, you have a role to play in improving research dissemination. Journal of Advanced Nursing; 31: 1, 99-109. Nurs Outlook. DOI: 10.1136/emj.2009.082859. Freemantle and Watt (1994) suggest dissemination is the mechanisms and strategies by which specific groups become aware of, obtain, and make use of information. Action research stands a greater chance of application in practice as it permits change during the process of project work, in line with service needs, encourages full involvement of all participants (including staff members), and findings are implemented throughout the life of the project. Different professional groups across the NHS receive different levels of research education during their training. Keywords Research dissemination, Evidence based practice, Action research. Yet scientific journals are not effective in influencing practice (Watt, 1996). Formal programmes to support such development could be initiated by joint posts, including secondment opportunities or mentoring relationships. Freemantle N, Watt I (1994) Dissemination: implementing the findings of research Health Libraries Review; 11: 2, 133-137. As Hassmiller wrote, nurses should generously contribute in all matters pertaining to health care provision. Implementing evidence-based nursing practice supports nurses in practicing to the full extent of their education and licensure. The Free Press: New York. Couchman T, et al (2008) Using well-being champions to deliver holistic care. State of the art: Dissemination and utilization of nursing literature in practice. NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement (2010) Knowledge Improvement and Research. Information plays a vital role in the nursing process. Nursing Mirror; 158: 8, 29. Academics working across organisations can help support change and provide support for clinicians to interpret findings and consider how to implement any changes to practice. The detailed study from Song et al (2010) on the importance of sharing and dissemination and the need to avoid research dissemination bias provides useful information about the promotion of evidence-based decision making.
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